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HS 2612.10Critical minerals

HS Code for Uranium Concentrate / Yellowcake (HS 2612.10)

Yellowcake is U3O8 (triuranium octoxide, ~85% uranium) - the milled product that enters the nuclear fuel cycle for conversion and enrichment. Kazakhstan (~40%), Canada (~20%), Namibia (~10%), Australia (~10%) dominate mining. Trade is heavily contract-based; UxC and TradeTech publish spot indices.

Reviewed against WCO HS · WTO IDB · National customs schedules3 authoritative sourcesLast reviewed July 2026

Sample 6-digit codes

CodeDescription
2612.10Uranium ores and concentrates
2612.20Thorium ores and concentrates
2844.10Natural uranium and its compounds
Need to check a specific code? Use the free HS code lookup tool.

Typical import duty by market

MarketDuty
European Union
0%
Euratom Supply Agency oversight.
United States
0%
May 2024 ban on Russian enriched uranium imports (unless waiver).
Japan
0%

Worked landed-cost example

100 MT U3O8 concentrate, FOB Almaty USD 85/lb U3O8, CIF Cameco Blind River conversion facility Canada

Basis (220,462 lb)USD 18,739,000
Secure freight + insuranceUSD 400,000
CIFUSD 19,139,000
Canadian dutyUSD 0
Landed ≈ USD 19.14m. Utilities buy on 5-10 year term contracts averaging USD 55-70/lb.
Run your own numbers in the import duty & tax calculator.
Regulatory checkpoints
  • · IAEA safeguards - Additional Protocol.
  • · Euratom Supply Agency approval for EU utilities.
  • · US Nuclear Regulatory Commission licence.
  • · NRC / DOE end-use certificates.
  • · IMDG Class 7 UN 2912 radioactive material low specific activity.
  • · US Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act (2024) - blocks Russian enriched product with waiver mechanism.
Top exporting countries
  • · Kazakhstan (Kazatomprom)
  • · Canada (Cameco)
  • · Namibia
  • · Australia (BHP)
  • · Russia (Rosatom, restricted to some markets)

Frequently asked questions

Spot vs term uranium pricing?

The spot market is ~10 million lb/yr - marginal supply. Utilities buy 90%+ of demand on term contracts (base + escalators + floors/caps). During 2022-24 spot surged from USD 50 to USD 100+/lb on Cameco/Kazatomprom production cuts and Rosatom sanction fears. Term prices lagged spot by 6-12 months.

Destination market toolkits

Country-specific duty, VAT/GST and Incoterms practice for the top destinations for critical minerals.

Import into United States →
No federal VAT / GST · 0% federal
Import into Germany →
VAT (Umsatzsteuer / Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) · 19% standard, 7% reduced
Import into Japan →
Consumption Tax (JCT) · 10% standard / 8% reduced (food, newspapers)
Import into Australia →
GST · 10%
Import into India →
IGST on imports · 5% / 12% / 18% / 28%
Import into China →
Import VAT · 13% standard, 9% reduced, 6% services

Critical minerals landed-cost pages: every destination market

Jump straight to the critical minerals import guide for any of the destination markets we cover.

Related commodity guides

HS 2836.91Critical minerals
HS Code for Lithium Carbonate (HS 2836.91) →
HS 2825.20Critical minerals
HS Code for Lithium Hydroxide (HS 2825.20) →
HS 8105Critical minerals
HS Code for Cobalt (HS 8105) →
HS 2504Critical minerals
HS Code for Graphite (HS 2504) →

Related tools

HS Code Lookup →
Search harmonised codes across 21 sections.
Import Duty & Tax →
Landed cost with duty, VAT/GST and cess.
Landed Cost by HS & Country →
Duty + VAT/GST + Incoterm split for this HS.
CIF ↔ FOB Converter →
Convert customs value between Incoterms.

Sources & citations

Duty rates and regulations compiled from WCO HS, WTO integrated database, national customs authorities and published FTA schedules. Provided for decision-support only - confirm the 10-digit line and current preferential status with your licensed customs broker before acting.

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