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Türkiye Import & Export Toolkit

Türkiye sits at the crossroads of Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. This hub covers LC cost in TRY/USD/EUR, EU-Türkiye Customs Union duty treatment, 20% KDV, TAREKS technical regulations and Incoterms best practice.

Currency
TRY (Turkish Lira) - highly volatile; USD/EUR preferred for LCs
KDV (VAT)
20% standard, 10% reduced, 1% basic goods (from July 2023)
Import KDV paid at customs on (CIF + duty). Creditable for VAT-registered importers. Special Consumption Tax (ÖTV) applies to autos, fuel, alcohol, tobacco.
Duty regime
EU-Türkiye Customs Union covers industrial goods (Chapters 25-97 mostly): 0% duty on qualifying EU-origin goods with an A.TR movement certificate. Agricultural goods and coal/steel run outside the Customs Union under separate regimes. Preferential FTAs with EFTA, UK, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and 20+ others.
Regulatory deep-dive
Türkiye import & export regulations →
Turkey import/export rules: Ministry of Trade, EU Customs Union, TAREKS conformity, dual-use export controls, ATR & EUR.1 origin.
Authorities · Licensing · Sanctions
Also see compare Türkiye vs other markets →

Free calculators for Türkiye trade

LC Cost Calculator →
All-in bank charges on a Letter of Credit.
Usance LC Interest →
Deferred payment cost with correct ACT/360 or ACT/365 basis.
Import Duty & Tax →
Duty, VAT/GST and landed cost per HS code.
Landed Cost by HS & Country →
Interactive duty + VAT/GST + Incoterm split for this destination.
CIF ↔ FOB Converter →
Convert between CIF, FOB and landed cost.
HS Code Lookup →
Search harmonised classification codes.
CBM & Container →
Volume, weight and container utilisation.
Incoterms 2020 Visualiser →
Cost, risk and document split across all 11 rules.
Multi-Currency Invoice →
FX spread and cross-currency invoice value.
Major ports & gateways
  • · Ambarli (Istanbul area) - largest container gateway
  • · Mersin (Eastern Mediterranean)
  • · Izmir (Aliaga)
  • · Kocaeli (Gebze/Gemlik industrial ports)
  • · Iskenderun
Top exports
  • · Cars & car parts
  • · Iron & steel
  • · Machinery
  • · Refined petroleum
  • · Textiles & garments
  • · Jewellery
  • · Agricultural products (hazelnuts, dried fruit)
Top imports
  • · Crude petroleum & natural gas
  • · Gold
  • · Machinery
  • · Iron & steel (semi-finished)
  • · Cars
  • · Broadcasting equipment
  • · Plastics

Trade finance in Türkiye

  • · Given TRY volatility (>50% annual depreciation in some recent years), the vast majority of Turkish trade LCs are denominated in USD (ACT/360) or EUR (ACT/360). TRY LCs are rare for cross-border trade.
  • · Turkish banks (Ziraat, İş Bankası, Garanti BBVA, Akbank, Yapı Kredi) issue LCs at 0.15-0.30% per quarter for domestic issuance. Confirmation of Turkish bank risk by G7 banks has widened materially since 2018 - typically 0.40-1.20% per quarter depending on issuer and tenor.
  • · The Turkish central bank (TCMB / CBRT) imposes rediscount credit facilities to subsidise export finance - export LCs can qualify for below-market TRY funding.
  • · Türkiye is not on FATF grey/black list currently (removed June 2024) - reopening some correspondent banking capacity.

Customs & duty in Türkiye

  • · Türkiye uses the 12-digit GTİP code, aligned to WCO HS at 6 digits, EU CN at 8, plus 4 national digits.
  • · BILGE is the customs declaration system.
  • · A.TR movement certificate: proves free-circulation status of industrial goods under the EU-Türkiye Customs Union - enables 0% duty in both directions.
  • · TAREKS: mandatory conformity assessment platform for regulated products (electronics, toys, textiles, machinery) - similar to UAE SABER / Saudi SASO.
  • · Customs value = CIF. Duty applied first, then ÖTV (if applicable), then 20% KDV on the combined base.

Incoterms 2020 practice in Türkiye

  • · For EU-Türkiye trade under the Customs Union, DAP or DDP is common - the A.TR gives 0% duty and simplifies pricing.
  • · For non-EU imports, CIF into Ambarli / Mersin is dominant. FCA is preferred for container cargo.
  • · Given TRY volatility, ensure the LC's currency, price and exchange-adjustment clauses are unambiguous - most contracts fix in USD or EUR.

HS commodity guides for Türkiye

Classification, duty and worked landed-cost examples for the commodity families most active on Türkiye's trade lanes.

HS 61 & 62Consumer goods
HS Code for Textiles & Apparel (Chapters 61 and 62) into Türkiye →
HS 84Industrial
HS Code for Industrial Machinery (Chapter 84) into Türkiye →
HS 72Metals
HS Code for Iron & Steel (Chapter 72) into Türkiye →
HS 39Chemicals
HS Code for Plastics & Polymers (Chapter 39) into Türkiye →
HS 2709Energy
HS Code for Crude Oil (HS 2709) into Türkiye →
HS 2710Energy
HS Code for Petroleum Products (HS 2710) into Türkiye →
HS 2701Energy
HS Code for Coal (HS 2701) into Türkiye →
HS 71Metals
HS Code for Precious Metals (Chapter 71) into Türkiye →

Every HS commodity landed-cost page for Türkiye

Direct link to the Türkiye import guide for each HS commodity we publish.

Commodities linked to Türkiye

Türkiye appears in the trade lanes for the commodities below. Each hub covers grades, specs, benchmark pricing and HS code references.

Copper →
Top importer
HS 7403 (refined), 7404 (scrap), 2603 (concentrate)
Petroleum Coke (Petcoke) →
Top importer
HS 2713
Thermal & Coking Coal →
Top importer
HS 2701

Türkiye's key trading partners

China toolkit →
Import VAT · 13% standard, 9% reduced, 6% services
United States toolkit →
No federal VAT / GST · 0% federal
United Kingdom toolkit →
VAT · 20% standard, 5% reduced, 0% zero-rated
Germany toolkit →
VAT (Umsatzsteuer / Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) · 19% standard, 7% reduced
India toolkit →
IGST on imports · 5% / 12% / 18% / 28%
United Arab Emirates toolkit →
VAT · 5% standard

Frequently asked questions

How does the EU-Türkiye Customs Union affect duty?

Industrial goods (WCO Chapters 25-97, with exceptions) circulate duty-free between the EU and Türkiye under an A.TR certificate. Agricultural products, coal and steel run under separate preferential regimes. Non-EU third-country goods pay Türkiye's MFN tariff (aligned to the EU CET for industrial lines).

Should I invoice in TRY or USD/EUR?

For cross-border trade, invoice in USD or EUR. TRY volatility (with year-on-year depreciation often exceeding 30%) makes TRY LCs commercially unviable for anything beyond very short tenor. Domestic Turkish trade routinely uses TRY.

What is TAREKS?

The Turkish technical regulations electronic system. Regulated products (electronics, machinery, toys, personal protective equipment) need a TAREKS reference before customs clearance. Similar to the UAE's SABER and Saudi Arabia's SASO conformity regimes.

Is Türkiye on any FATF list?

No. Türkiye was on the FATF grey list from 2021-June 2024 but has since been removed. Correspondent banking has partially normalised but enhanced due diligence practices from that period persist at many G7 banks.

Country data compiled from WCO HS, WTO tariff schedules, national customs authorities and central banks. Duty, tax and regulatory information is decision-support only - always confirm with a licensed customs broker or your bank before acting.