HS 2825.30Metals

HS Code for Vanadium Pentoxide (HS 2825.30)

Vanadium goes 85% into steel (HSLA rebar - Chinese seismic code requires vanadium micro-alloying) and increasingly into vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFB) for grid-scale storage. China, South Africa, Russia, Brazil dominate supply.

Reviewed against WCO HS · WTO IDB · National customs schedules5 authoritative sourcesLast reviewed July 2026

Sample 6-digit codes

Code	Description
2825.30	Vanadium oxides and hydroxides
8112.92	Vanadium unwrought / powders

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Typical import duty by market

Market	Duty
European Union	5.3%
United States	5.5%
China	5%

Worked landed-cost example

20 MT V2O5 flake 98%, FOB Durban USD 22,000/MT, CIF Ningbo

FOBUSD 440,000

Freight + insuranceUSD 8,000

CIFUSD 448,000

China duty 5%USD 22,400

VAT 13%USD 61,152

Landed ≈ USD 531.5k.

Run your own numbers in the import duty & tax calculator.

Regulatory checkpoints

· REACH SVHC listing for some vanadium compounds.
· EU CRM Act 2024 - vanadium strategic.
· IMSBC Group A - V2O5 can be hygroscopic.

Top exporting countries

· China
· South Africa (Bushveld)
· Russia (sanctioned into some)
· Brazil (Largo)

Frequently asked questions

VRFB vs Li-ion for grid storage?

VRFB decouples power (stack) from energy (electrolyte tank), enabling 8-12h duration economically. Li-ion is cheaper up to ~4h. Vanadium electrolyte is not consumed - it can be leased. This turns VRFB CAPEX into ~50% financeable at USD 25-35/kWh electrolyte cost.