HS Code for Vanadium Pentoxide (HS 2825.30)
Vanadium goes 85% into steel (HSLA rebar - Chinese seismic code requires vanadium micro-alloying) and increasingly into vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFB) for grid-scale storage. China, South Africa, Russia, Brazil dominate supply.
Sample 6-digit codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 2825.30 | Vanadium oxides and hydroxides |
| 8112.92 | Vanadium unwrought / powders |
Typical import duty by market
| Market | Duty |
|---|---|
| European Union | 5.3% |
| United States | 5.5% |
| China | 5% |
Numerical Example: 20 MT V2O5 flake 98%, FOB Durban USD 22,000/MT, CIF Ningbo
20 MT V2O5 flake 98%, FOB Durban USD 22,000/MT, CIF Ningbo. Run your own numbers in the Import Duty & Tax calculator.
- · REACH SVHC listing for some vanadium compounds.
- · EU CRM Act 2024 - vanadium strategic.
- · IMSBC Group A - V2O5 can be hygroscopic.
- · China
- · South Africa (Bushveld)
- · Russia (sanctioned into some)
- · Brazil (Largo)
Frequently asked questions
VRFB decouples power (stack) from energy (electrolyte tank), enabling 8-12h duration economically. Li-ion is cheaper up to ~4h. Vanadium electrolyte is not consumed - it can be leased. This turns VRFB CAPEX into ~50% financeable at USD 25-35/kWh electrolyte cost.
Import duty and tax by destination market
Typical MFN duty, consumption tax and the tax base applied to metals (HS 2825.30) in each market we cover. Rates are indicative at the 6-digit line | confirm the national 8/10-digit code with your broker.
| Market | Duty | Consumption tax | Tax base | Tax as % of CIF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | 5% | IGST 18% | Assessable value + duty | 24.1% |
| United Arab Emirates | 5% | VAT 5% | CIF + duty | 10.3% |
| Saudi Arabia | 5% | VAT 15% | CIF + duty | 20.8% |
| Singapore | 5% | GST 9% | CIF + duty | 14.4% |
| China | 5% | VAT 13% | CIF + duty | 18.6% |
| United States | 5% | Federal VAT 0% | CIF | 5.3% |
| United Kingdom | 5% | VAT 20% | CIF + duty | 26.0% |
| Germany | 5% | USt 19% | CIF + duty | 24.9% |
| Netherlands | 5% | BTW 21% | CIF + duty | 27.1% |
| Vietnam | 5% | VAT 10% | CIF + duty | 15.5% |
| Türkiye | 5% | KDV 20% | CIF + duty | 26.0% |
| Japan | 5% | JCT 10% | CIF + duty | 15.5% |
| South Korea | 5% | VAT 10% | CIF + duty | 15.5% |
| Brazil | 5% | IPI+PIS/COFINS+ICMS 32% | CIF + duty | 38.6% |
| Indonesia | 5% | PPN 11% | CIF + duty | 19.1% |
| Mexico | 5% | IVA 16% | CIF + duty | 22.7% |
| Egypt | 5% | VAT 14% | CIF + duty | 19.7% |
| Nigeria | 5% | VAT 7.5% | CIF + duty | 14.5% |
| South Africa | 5% | VAT 15% | Assessable value + duty | 22.8% |
| Australia | 5% | GST 10% | CIF + duty | 15.5% |
Run your own numbers with the landed cost calculator or check documentation requirements in the LC document checklist.